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Treatment of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis With High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins
Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of 48 Consecutive Cases
Christa Prins, MD;
Francisco A. Kerdel, MD;
R. Steven Padilla, MD;
Thomas Hunziker, MD;
Sergio Chimenti, MD;
Isabelle Viard, MD;
Davide N. Mauri, MD;
Kirsten Flynn, MD;
Jennifer Trent, MD;
David J. Margolis, MD;
Jean-Hilaire Saurat, MD;
Lars E. French, MD;
for the TEN-IVIG Study Group
Arch Dermatol. 2003;139:26-32.
Objective To evaluate the effect of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), parameters that may affect response to treatment, and the effect of different IVIG batches on Fas-mediated cell death.
Design Multicenter retrospective analysis of 48 consecutive TEN patients treated with IVIG.
Setting Fourteen university hospital dermatology centers in Europe and the United States.
Patients Forty-eight patients with TEN (skin detachment >10% of their body surface [mean, 44.8%; range, 10%-95%]).
Interventions Infusion of IVIG in all patients (range, 0.8-5.8 g/kg), and analysis of the ability of different IVIG batches to inhibit Fas-mediated cell death.
Main Outcome Measures Objective response to IVIG treatment, final outcome at day 45, parameters that may affect response to IVIG treatment, and tolerance.
Results Infusion of IVIG (mean total dose, 2.7 g/kg [range, 0.65-5.8 g/kg]; mean consecutive days, 4 [range, 1-5 days]) was associated with a rapid cessation (mean, 2.3 days [range, 1-6 days]) of skin and mucosal detachment in 43 patients (90%) and survival in 42 (88%). Patients who responded to IVIG had received treatment earlier in the course of disease and, on average, higher doses of IVIG. Furthermore, analysis of 35 IVIG batches revealed significant batch-to-batch variations in the capacity of IVIG to inhibit Fas-mediated cell death in vitro.
Conclusions Early infusion of high-dose IVIG is safe, well tolerated, and likely to be effective in improving the survival of patients with TEN. We recommend early treatment with IVIG at a total dose of 3 g/kg over 3 consecutive days (1 g/kg per day for 3 days).
From the Departments of Dermatology, Geneva University Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland (Drs Prins, Viard, Saurat, and French); University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Fla (Drs Kerdel and Trent); University of New Mexico, Albuquerque (Drs Padilla and Flynn); University of Bern Medical School, Bern, Switzerland (Dr Hunziker); University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy (Dr Chimenti); Apotech Corporation, Epalinges, Switzerland (Dr Mauri); and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Drs Margolis and French).
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